Orange (Citrus sinensis)

Orange is a citrus fruit with a thick, aromatic peel and juicy segmented flesh. The fruit is classified as a hesperidium, a modified berry with oil glands in the rind. Oranges are evergreen trees with glossy leaves and fragrant white flowers. The fruit’s flavor is a balance of sweetness and acidity, primarily due to citric acid. Oranges are non-climacteric fruits and must ripen fully on the tree. The peel contains essential oils, especially limonene, widely used in food and cosmetic industries. Orange is a citrus fruit with a thick, aromatic peel and juicy segmented flesh. The fruit is classified as a hesperidium, a modified berry with oil glands in the rind. Oranges are evergreen trees with glossy leaves and fragrant white flowers. The fruit’s flavor is a balance of sweetness and acidity, primarily due to citric acid. Oranges are non-climacteric fruits and must ripen fully on the tree. The peel contains essential oils, especially limonene, widely used in food and cosmetic industries.

Grapes originated in the Near East, with evidence of cultivation dating back 6,000–8,000 years. Ancient civilizations such as Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans cultivated grapes extensively, particularly for wine production. Grapes spread across Europe and later to the Americas and Australia. Viticulture became deeply linked with culture, religion, and economy. Modern grape breeding focuses on disease resistance, seedlessness, and flavor improvement.

• Kingdom: Plantae

• Order: Vitales

• Family: Vitaceae

• Genus: Vitis

• Species: Vitis vinifera

• Energy: 69 kcal

• Carbohydrates: 18 g

• Fiber: 0.9 g

• Vitamin C: 10.8 mg

• Polyphenols: resveratrol, flavonoids

Supports cardiovascular health, improves brain function, reduces inflammation, and provides strong antioxidant protection.